Hardwall Cleanroom
Hardwall Cleanroom
Hardwall cleanrooms designed by KINROM are prefabricated by modular components, such as panels, windows, doors, and purification equipment, etc.
KINROM modular hardwall cleanrooms offer unparalleled flexibility, scalability and efficiency, they are easy to assemble, disassemble, transport and reconfirgure freely according to operation requirements.
As a leading modular cleanroom manufacturer in China, we specialize in designing and delivering state-of-the-art hardwall cleanroom solutions tailored to meet the most stringent requirements of various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device manufacturing, semiconductors, electronics, laboratories, etc.
Hardwall Cleanroom Features
- Modular Design: Each component is designed to be independent modular unit, which makes the cleanroom installation, disassembly, transportation and reconfiguration easily.
- Quick Installation: The modular design enable the cleanroom construction in 3-5 days, and further materials cutting is not required on site during the whole installation process.
- Customizable: From sizes, materials to functions, KINROM modular cleanroom can be designed and customized according to your layout, operational requirements and industrial standards.
- Stable and Durable: All components are manufactured by premium-grade materials for ensuring durability and free maintenance, which guarantees long-lasting performance even in the most demanding environments.
- High Recycle Rate: All materials are recyclable except sealants and few consumable materials, which helps to reduce the cleanroom construction cost greatly when relocating facilities and factory.
- Smart Control: Equipped with a 10 inch LCD touch screen, which can monitor dust particles, differential pressure, temperature and humidity in real time. Air conditioning status is adjustable automatically to ensure all key parameters are always normal.
- Energy Saving: FFUs adopt DC motors, which consume less power than AC motors. Air volume and speed can be adjusted automatically by smart PLC system, which can reduce unnecessary energy consumption.
Hardwall Cleanroom Specifications
| Occupied Area | 15㎡ | 30㎡ | 50㎡ | 100㎡ | |
| Class 1-100 | FFU Qty. | 12 | 24 | 48 | 96 |
| FFU Size | 1175*875*325mm | ||||
| Ventilation Rate | Fully Distribution | ||||
| Class 1K | FFU Qty. | 3 | 6 | 9 | 18 |
| FFU Size | 1175*875*325mm | ||||
| Ventilation Rate | 90-120/h | ||||
| Class 10K | FFU Qty. | 2 | 4 | 6 | 12 |
| FFU Size | 1175*875*325mm | ||||
| Ventilation Rate | 60-80/h | ||||
| Air Speed | 0.45m/s ± 20% | ||||
| Temperature | 18-28℃ | ||||
| Humidity | 50-70% | ||||
| Illuminance | 400LUX | ||||
| Power | 4.8-7KW | 5.2-10KW | 10-19KW | 14-30KW | |
Hardwall Cleanroom Components
Modular cleanrooms mainly consist of following components, and each component can be customized according to customer requirements and industry standards, and is optional in a variety of materials, types and parameters.
- 1. Main Frame
- 2. Cleanroom Panels
- 3. Cleanroom Windows
- 4. Cleanroom Doors
- 5. FFU(Fan Filter Unit)
- 6. Cleanroom Equipment
- 7. Smart Control System
- 8. Cleanroom Floor
| Components | Optional Specifications |
| Main Frame | Painted Steel / Aluminum Alloy (50*50*T2.0 Square Tube) |
| Ceiling Panel | Painted Steel Plate / Sandwich Panel |
| Wall Panel | Tempered Glass Panel / Sandwich Panel |
| Cleanroom Door | Swing / Sliding / Roller Shutter Type |
| Cleanroom Floor | PVC / Epoxy / Raised Floor Type |
| FFU | 1175*875*275mm / 1175*575*225mm |
| Smart Control System | 10" Inch LCD Touch Screen, PLC Control |
| Lighting System | LED Flat Light / LED Teardrop Light / Yellow Light |
| Air Condition | Ordinary / Constant Temperature and Humidity Control |
| Other Equipment | Air Shower / Pass Box / Clean Bench |
Modular Hardwall Cleanroom Solutions
KINROM offers multiple HVAC system solutions of modular cleanrooms for your selection, and they are customizable accordingly to your industry standards and operational requirements.
1. Full Fresh Air Solution
Air Cleanliness: Class 1-100K
Temperature: Uncontrollable
Humidity: Uncontrollable
Application:
Applicable to cleanroom environments that are already equipped with air conditioning, but need to improve the cleanliness of local areas.
2. Temperature Controllable Solution
Air Cleanliness: Class 1-100K
Temperature: Controllable
Humidity: Uncontrollable
Application:
Applicable to new cleanrooms or old cleanroom environments that need to control the cleanliness and temperature of specific partial spaces independently.
3. Temperature & Humidity Controllable Solution
Air Cleanliness: Class 1-100K
Temperature: Controllable
Humidity: Controllable
Application:
Applicable to cleanrooms that need to be with constant temperature and humidity.
Hardwall Cleanroom-The Complete FAQ Guide
Learn more about the hardwall cleanroom with this guide. We prepare some questions and answers for you.
- What Is A Hardwall Cleanroom?
- What Are the Components of A Hardwall Cleanroom?
- What Is the Main Difference Between A Hardwall Cleanroom and A Softwall Cleanroom?
- What Cleanliness Classes Can Hardwall Cleanrooms Achieve?
- What Are Key Features of Hardwall Cleanrooms?
- How Long Does It Take to Build A Hardwall Cleanroom?
- How to Maintain A Hardwall Cleanroom?
- Why Choose KINROM Hardwall Cleanrooms?
What Is A Hardwall Cleanroom?
A hardwall cleanroom is a closed clean space constructed based on a modular rigid structure, enabling high-precision control of environmental parameters. Its core lies in isolating external contamination and stabilizing the internal clean environment through wall panels, ceiling panels, and frame systems that are robust and exhibit excellent airtightness. It is widely applied in industrial production and scientific research fields with stringent requirements for micro-particles, temperature, humidity, differential pressure, and other factors, serving as the core infrastructure for realizing compliant production and precision experiments in industries such as high-end manufacturing and biopharmaceuticals.
Picture 1 Hardwall Cleanroom
What Are the Components of A Hardwall Cleanroom?
A hardwall cleanroom is engineered for structural stability, contamination isolation, precise environmental control, and cross-contamination prevention—critical for high-end manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals, electronics, and medical fields. Its key components work together to meet strict cleanliness standards (e.g., GMP, ISO 14644-1). Below is a concise breakdown:
Main Structural System
This forms the cleanroom’s “skeleton,” ensuring airtightness and durability:
Mostly metal sandwich panels (pre-painted steel for electronics/food; 304 stainless steel for pharmaceuticals/biolabs).
Same material as walls, reinforced to support FFUs (Fan Filter Units). Features rounded transitions (dust-proof) and airtight access panels for maintenance.
Frame Profiles
Anodized aluminum/stainless steel (corrosion-resistant). Panels are fixed with hidden hex bolts; gaps are sealed with adhesive to stop air leakage.
Flooring System
Flooring balances hygiene, durability, and functional needs:
Epoxy Flooring: Seamless, chemical-resistant, and easy to clean—ideal for pharmaceuticals/food.
PVC Flooring: Elastic (low noise) and quick to install—suitable for medical device assembly or light electronics.
Raised Flooring: Most versatile for electronics/semiconductors (hides pipelines/acts as air return). Made of aluminum (lightweight, high-cleanliness), steel (heavy-load), or composite resin (cost-effective). Key features: sealed joints, antistatic treatment, and modular replacement.
Cleanroom Doors & Windows
Designed to prevent contamination while enabling access:
Cleanroom Doors: Galvanized steel/Aluminum/stainless steel frames; panels (double-glazed tempered glass or stainless steel). Equipped with automatic closers and auto-drop bottom seals.
View Windows: Double-glazed tempered glass (sealed to walls). Rounded stainless steel frames (dust-proof); size limited (≤1200mm×800mm) for high-cleanliness areas (e.g., ISO 5) to avoid turbulence.
Environmental Control & Air Purification System
Manages key parameters (cleanliness, temp, humidity, pressure):
Air Purification: 3-stage filtration (primary → medium-efficiency → HEPA/ULPA; HEPA captures ≥99.97% of 0.3μm particles). FFUs provide laminar airflow; return air plenums reduce energy use.
Temp & Humidity Control: PLC-regulated AHUs (air handling units) with ±0.5℃ temp accuracy and ±3%RH humidity accuracy. Condensate drains for high-humidity areas.
Pressure Control: Variable-frequency fans and sensors maintain 5–15Pa positive pressure (general cleanrooms) or negative pressure (biosafety labs).
Airflow: Laminar (vertical/horizontal for ISO 5+) or turbulent (diffusers for ISO 6–8) airflow.
Auxiliary Systems
Critical for reducing risks and supporting operations:
Pass Boxes: Transfer materials between areas (interlocking doors, UV/ozone sterilization).
Air Showers: Mandatory for personnel (high-speed air removes dust; photoelectric activation).
Cargo Showers: For large items (custom sizes, high-volume fans).
Clean Benches: Local ISO 5 workstations (vertical/horizontal laminar airflow, HEPA filters).
Lighting: Recessed LED/fluorescent lights (stainless steel, IP65, ≥300lux for work areas).
Electrical & Automation: Dustproof/waterproof sockets; central monitoring (real-time data, 1+ year storage for GMP traceability).
Summary
The components form a closed loop: structure ensures airtightness → purification controls environment → auxiliary tools block contamination. This delivers a stable, clean space—essential for precision production and research.
What Is the Main Difference Between A Hardwall Cleanroom and A Softwall Cleanroom?
The most fundamental difference between a hardwall cleanroom and a softwall cleanroom (often called a clean booth or clean tent) lies in their permanence, structural integrity, and comprehensive environmental control.
| Feature | Hardwall Cleanroom | Softwall Cleanroom |
| Structure & Walls | Rigid walls (color steel, stainless steel, glass) on a solid metal framework. Permanent ceiling and often a raised floor. | Flexible vinyl (PVC) strip curtains or soft panels on a light-duty aluminum or steel frame. |
| Permanence & Isolation | Permanent installation. A fully sealed, isolated room physically separated from the external environment. | Semi-permanent or temporary. Typically installed within an existing room; relies on that room's conditions. |
| Cleanliness Class | Can achieve and stably maintain ISO 1 to ISO 8, especially suited for high classes (ISO 5 and above). | Best for lower classes (ISO 7/8). Difficult to maintain high cleanliness due to external influence. |
| Environmental Control | Complete and independent. Full HVAC allows precise, stable control of temperature, humidity, and pressurization. | Limited or nonexistent. Lacks independent climate control; relies on room HVAC. Pressure differentials are hard to maintain. |
| Cost | High initial investment and longer lead times for design/construction. Lower long-term cost of ownership for critical applications. | Very low initial cost and rapid deployment. Higher operational costs over time due to less efficiency. |
| Flexibility | Difficult and expensive to modify, relocate, or expand. Requires professional intervention. | Highly flexible, modular, and portable. Easy to reconfigure, move, or expand with production changes. |
| Ideal Application | Long-term, large-scale, high-precision manufacturing/R&D. (e.g., semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, medical devices). | Short-term projects, pilot lines, low-grade processes, or budget-conscious applications. (e.g., packaging, R&D, education). |
| Pros & Cons | Pros: Superior performance, stability, durability, isolation. Cons: High cost, long deployment, inflexible. | Pros: Low cost, fast deployment, high flexibility. Cons: Limited performance, less durable, poor isolation. |
Table 1 Main Differences Between Hardwall Cleanroom & Softwall Cleanroom
Which One Should You Choose? A Quick Guide
Choose a Hardwall Cleanroom if you need:
A long-term, permanent solution.
A high or strict cleanliness class (ISO 5 / Class 100 or higher).
Precise control over temperature, humidity, and pressure (for GMP/FDA compliance).
Large-scale production in a fully isolated environment.
Durability and a professional, integrated facility.
Choose a Softwall Cleanroom if you need:
A temporary, short-term, or mobile solution.
A lower cleanliness class or a localized clean zone within a larger room.
Basic particulate control without strict requirements for climate or pressurization.
A fast, low-cost solution to get a process online quickly.
Flexibility to easily reconfigure or relocate the enclosure.
What Cleanliness Classes Can Hardwall Cleanrooms Achieve?
Hardwall cleanrooms are known for their structural rigidity, superior sealing, and comprehensive environmental control, enabling them to achieve a wide range of cleanliness classes—from relatively lenient to extremely stringent environments.
Hardwall cleanrooms are designed and constructed in compliance with the international standard ISO 14644-1, which classifies air cleanliness based on the concentration of airborne particles per cubic meter. Below is an overview of the common cleanliness levels achievable in hardwall cleanrooms.
| ISO Class | Equivalent FS 209E | Maximum Particles ≥0.5µm per ft³ | Notes for Hardwall Cleanrooms |
| ISO 3 | Class 1 | 1 | Extremely high standard. Requires full unidirectional airflow, very high air change rates, and advanced materials and construction. |
| ISO 4 | Class 10 | 10 | Very high standard. Demands unidirectional flow and extremely tight control. |
| ISO 5 | Class 100 | 100 | High standard. Common in tech industries; typically uses unidirectional airflow (e.g., FFU coverage). |
| ISO 6 | Class 1,000 | 1,000 | Moderate to high. Can be achieved with non-unidirectional airflow and robust control systems. |
| ISO 7 | Class 10,000 | 10,000 | Moderate standard. Widely used; achievable with well-designed ventilation and stable controls. |
| ISO 8 | Class 100,000 | 100,000 | Basic standard. Entry-level requirement for many industries. |
What Are Key Features of Hardwall Cleanrooms?
Hardwall cleanrooms are a high-performance mainstream solution for controlled environments, combining the reliability of permanent structures with the advantages of modular technology. They offer the following core features:
Sturdy Structure and Superior Sealing
Constructed with rigid materials such as pre-coated steel panels, stainless steel, or glass, forming a solid enclosed space.
Professional sealing techniques at joints (e.g., silicone filling or welding) effectively prevent external contamination and maintain stable pressure differentials and cleanliness.
High-Precision Environmental Control
Accurate Temperature and Humidity Control: Integrated with constant temperature and humidity air-handling units, meeting stringent requirements in industries such as biopharmaceuticals and microelectronics (e.g., temperature stability within ±1°C, humidity within ±5% RH).
Strict Pressure Differential Management: Automated control systems maintain pressure gradients (typically 5-45 Pa) between the cleanroom and external areas or different functional zones, ensuring unidirectional airflow and preventing cross-contamination.
Broad and Stable Cleanliness Range
Capable of achieving a wide range of cleanliness classes, from ISO 8 to ISO 3, meeting needs from general production to ultra-high-precision processes.
Efficient airflow design (e.g., vertical/horizontal unidirectional flow) combined with HEPA/ULPA filters ensures consistent compliance with particle concentration standards.
High Flexibility Through Modular Design
Adaptable Assembly: Prefabricated modular components allow rapid installation and layout adjustments, suitable for both local clean zone expansions and overall facility upgrades.
Scalability and Relocatability: Despite its “hardwall” structure, the modular design supports future expansion, reconfiguration, or relocation, adapting to process changes or facility moves.
High Performance and Durability
Panels offer excellent thermal insulation, soundproofing, and corrosion resistance, reducing energy consumption while providing a stable operating environment.
Smooth, anti-static surfaces minimize dust accumulation and allow easy cleaning, complying with GMP and ISO 14644 standards for cleanroom interiors.
Integration and Intelligence
Can be equipped with smart monitoring systems to track parameters such as particle count, temperature, and humidity in real time, supporting remote alerts and data export for compliance and auditing.
Lighting, power distribution, and data communication facilities can be integrated into walls or ceilings, maintaining a tidy and fully functional space.
KINROM specializes in modular cleanrooms, seamlessly integrating the reliability of traditional hardwall structures with the convenience of modern modularity:
Rapid Deployment: Prefabricated modular components reduce on-site installation time by over 50% compared to traditional methods, accelerating project launch.
Cost Efficiency: Standardized production and reusable designs optimize upfront investment and long-term maintenance costs without compromising performance.
Customization Capability: Tailored solutions based on client process layouts and cleanliness requirements (e.g., explosion-proof, corrosion-resistant, or ultra-clean environments).
Choosing KINROM means opting for a high-performance, flexible, and cost-effective approach to building controlled environments. Contact our technical team today to design a customized cleanroom solution for your needs!
How Long Does It Take to Build A Hardwall Cleanroom?
The timeline for constructing a hardwall cleanroom depends on several factors, including its size, cleanliness class requirements, and on-site conditions. Below is a general timeframe estimate based on project scale:
Small and Simple Hardwall Cleanrooms
Area: Up to ~30 m²
Cleanliness Class: ISO 7 (Class 10,000) or ISO 8 (Class 100,000)
Installation Time: 2–3 days (assuming good site readiness and standard configuration)
Medium-Scale Hardwall Cleanrooms
Area: 100–500 m²
Cleanliness Class: Up to ISO 6 (Class 1,000) or ISO 5 (Class 100)
Installation Time: 1–2 weeks (including system tuning and basic validation)
Large and Complex Hardwall Cleanrooms
Area: 500+ m²
Cleanliness Class: ISO 5 and above, with strict control over temperature, humidity, and airflow
Installation Time: 2 weeks or more (subject to customized HVAC, automation, and qualification requirements)
How to Maintain A Hardwall Cleanroom?
Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the long-term stability and consistent compliance of a hardwall cleanroom. Maintenance activities can be divided into three levels: daily operations, scheduled preventive maintenance, and annual qualifications.
1. Daily Operations and Monitoring
These are basic procedures performed daily by cleanroom personnel to maintain a stable environment.
Cleaning and Disinfection
Use dedicated lint-free wipers, mops, and approved cleaning agents (e.g., IPA isopropyl alcohol) to clean all surfaces including floors, walls, worktables, and equipment daily.
Use a HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaner for epoxy or PVC flooring, followed by damp mopping.
In bio-pharmaceutical industries, apply sporicidal agents regularly to sterilize surfaces.
Environmental Monitoring
Monitor and record differential pressure between zones daily to ensure proper pressurization gradients.
Continuously track and log temperature and humidity to ensure they remain within specified ranges.
Review data trends from continuous particle monitoring systems.
Personnel and Material Control
Enforce strict gowning and air shower procedures.
Ensure all materials enter through pass-through boxes (e.g., UV/VHP) or air showers.
2. Scheduled Preventive Maintenance
Performed by professional maintenance teams on a planned basis.
| Maintenance Item | Frequency | Key Activities |
| HEPA/ULPA Filters | Every 6–12 months | Perform DOP/PAO leak tests; replace when resistance increases or leaks are detected. |
| Pre-Filters | Every 3–6 months | Inspect, clean, or replace to protect HEPA filters and maintain airflow. |
| AHU & Fans | Quarterly | Check belts, bearings, coils, drain pans, humidification/dehumidification systems. |
| Air Showers & Pass-Throughs | Monthly | Verify interlocks, fan operation, nozzle velocity, UV/VHP function. |
| Control System Calibration | Bi-annually/Annually | Calibrate sensors for temperature, humidity, pressure, and particles. |
3. Annual Qualification and Validation
Required for regulated industries (e.g., pharmaceuticals, medical devices) to demonstrate ongoing compliance.
Re-qualification Testing: Annual performance tests including:
Airflow velocity/volume tests
HEPA filter integrity tests
Particle count tests
Recovery tests
Temperature/humidity uniformity tests
Pressure differential verification
Documentation: Maintain detailed records of all maintenance and tests for audits.
Maintenance Advantages with KINROM Modular Hardwall Cleanrooms
KINROM’s modular solutions not only deliver high-quality clean environments rapidly but also simplify maintenance:
Modular Design: Standardized components allow quick replacement of faulty modules (e.g., FFUs, panels), minimizing downtime.
Smart Monitoring: Optional integrated EMS/BMS enables remote real-time monitoring, data logging, and proactive alerts.
Lifecycle Support: KINROM offers operator training, maintenance guidance, and OEM parts support to keep your cleanroom in optimal condition.
Regular professional maintenance protects both product quality and your investment. Let KINROM help you maintain your critical environment efficiently.
Why Choose KINROM Hardwall Cleanrooms?
At KINROM, we specialize in delivering high-performance modular hardwall cleanrooms that combine superior engineering, rapid deployment, and long-term reliability. Here is why industry leaders trust us for their most critical environments:
Superior Modular Construction
KINROM cleanrooms are built with rigid panels (galvanized steel, stainless steel, or glass) that offer exceptional structural integrity and sealing. Unlike softwall enclosures, our hardwall systems provide:
Permanent isolation from external environments
Stable pressurization and temperature/humidity control
Compliance with ISO Class 3–8 requirements
Rapid Deployment & Flexibility
Our modular approach cuts construction time by up to 50% compared to traditional cleanrooms.
Pre-engineered, prefabricated components for fast on-site assembly
Easily scalable and reconfigurable to adapt to future process changes
Ideal for both small R&D labs and large-scale production floors
Exceptional Cleanroom Performance
KINROM cleanrooms are designed to meet the most stringent standards:
Unidirectional airflow optimization with HEPA/ULPA filtration
Precise control over temperature (±1°C), humidity (±5% RH), and pressure differentials (5–45 Pa)
Smooth, anti-static surfaces that resist corrosion and allow easy cleaning
Smart & Integrated Systems
We incorporate intelligent monitoring and control features:
Real-time EMS/BMS for tracking particles, pressure, temperature, and humidity
Remote alerts and full data logging for compliance and auditing
Seamless integration with HVAC, lighting, and auxiliary equipment
Easier Maintenance & Lifecycle Support
Modular components allow quick replacement, minimizing downtime
Dedicated technical support and OEM spare parts availability
Validation support (IQ/OQ/PQ) for regulated industries (GMP, FDA)
Industry-Appropriate Solutions
We serve a wide range of sectors with tailored cleanrooms:
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology (ISO 5–8, GMP-grade)
Semiconductor and electronics (ESD-safe, ultra-low vibration)
Medical devices and aerospace (stringent contamination control)
End-to-End Service from KINROM
From design to validation, we provide:
Free consultation and layout planning
Turnkey project management
Training and ongoing maintenance support
Choose KINROM for a Cleanroom That Grows with Your Business
We don’t just sell cleanrooms—we deliver environments where quality, efficiency, and innovation thrive. Our modular hardwall solutions offer the perfect balance of performance, speed, and value.
Ready to discuss your cleanroom project?
Contact KINROM for a customized proposal and detailed consultation today.
